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Preparing for treatment
Before haemodialysis can start, you'll usually need to have a blood vessel called an arteriovenous fistula (AV fistula) created in your arm. This blood vessel is created by connecting an artery to a vein.

Joining a vein and an artery together makes the blood vessel larger and stronger. This makes it easier to transfer your blood into the dialysis machine and back again.

The operation to create the AV fistula is usually carried out around 4 to 8 weeks before haemodialysis begins. This allows the tissue and skin surrounding the fistula to heal.

If your blood vessels are too narrow to create an AV fistula, an alternative procedure known as an AV graft may be recommended. A piece of synthetic tubing is used to connect the artery to the vein.

As a short-term measure, or in an emergency, you may be given a neck line. This is where a small tube is inserted into a vein in your neck.
准备治疗
在开始血液透析之前，您通常需要在您的手臂上制造出称为动静脉瘘（AV瘘）的血管。该血管是通过将动脉连接到静脉而产生的。

将静脉和动脉连接在一起会使血管更大，更坚固。这样可以更轻松地将血液转移到透析机中，然后再输回。

通常在血液透析开始前约4至8周进行制造AV瘘的手术。这样可使瘘管周围的组织和皮肤愈合。

如果您的血管太窄而无法形成AV瘘，则可能建议使用另一种方法，称为AV移植。一条合成管用于将动脉连接到静脉。

作为短期措施或在紧急情况下，可能会给您带来瓶颈。这是在脖子上的静脉中插入一根小管的地方。


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